The campaign Military_operation pitted Hostile_encounter Union Army Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker 's Army of the Potomac against an army less than half its size , General Robert E. Lee 's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia .

Chancellorsville is known as Lee 's `` perfect Cause_to_make_progress battle Hostile_encounter '' because his risky decision Deciding to divide his army in the presence of a much larger enemy force resulted in a significant Confederate victory .

On May 1 , Hooker advanced Self_motion from Chancellorsville toward Lee , but the Confederate general split Destroying his army in the face of superior numbers , leaving Departing a small force at Fredericksburg to deter Hindering Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick from advancing , while he attacked Attack Hooker 's advance with about four-fifths of his army .

That same day , Sedgwick advanced Self_motion across the Rappahannock River , defeated Getting the small Confederate force at Marye 's Heights in the Second Battle of Fredericksburg , and then moved Self_motion to the west .

Between 1639 and 1653 , Scotland was involved Cause_to_be_included in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms , a series of wars Hostile_encounter starting Process_start with the Bishops Wars ( between Scotland and England ) , the Irish Rebellion of 1641 , the English Civil War ( and its extension in Scotland ) , the Irish Confederate Wars , and finally the subjugation of Ireland and Scotland by the English Roundhead New Model Army .

The Confederate fleet consisted Cause_to_be_included of the ironclad ram `` Virginia '' ( built Building from the remnants of the under-construction steam frigate , newest warship for the United States Navy / Union Navy ) and several supporting vessels .

By the summer of 1864 , rumors had begun Process_start to circulate that these deserters and draft evaders , as well as Confederate sympathizers , had built Building a fort with cannons on North Mountain , not far from the headwaters of Fishing Creek .

The Battle Military_operation of Antietam , also known as the Battle Military_operation of Sharpsburg , particularly in the Southern United States , was a battle Military_operation of the American Civil War Military_operation , fought Hostile_encounter on September 17 , 1862 , between Confederate General Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia and Union General George B. McClellan 's Army of the Potomac , near Sharpsburg , Maryland and Antietam Creek .

After pursuing Aiming the Confederate general Robert E. Lee into Maryland , Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan of the Union Army launched Process_start attacks Attack against Lee 's army , in defensive positions behind Antietam Creek .

Union assaults Attack against the Sunken Road eventually pierced Destroying the Confederate center , but the Federal advantage was not followed up .

In the afternoon , Union Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside 's corps entered Becoming_a_member the action , capturing Conquering a stone bridge over Antietam Creek and advancing Cause_to_make_progress against the Confederate right .

After victory Getting at First Battle Hostile_encounter of Bull Run , the Confederate States Army ( CSA ) established Creating a defensive Defending line from Centreville along the Occoquan River to the Potomac River .

A landing party Participation from `` Anacostia '' and `` Yankee '' destroyed Destroying abandoned GiveUp Confederate batteries at Cockpit Point and Evansport , Virginia , and found Know CSS `` Page '' blown up Destroying .

Occurring near the end of the American Civil War Military_operation , the assassination Killing was part of a larger conspiracy intended by Booth to revive Recovering the Confederate cause by eliminating the three most important officials of the United States government .

Custer 's men raided Attack the camp under fire Use_firearm from Confederate Collaboration forces Causation commanded Control by Capt .

The Battle Hostile_encounter of Rio Hill was a skirmish Hostile_encounter in the American Civil War Hostile_encounter in which Union cavalry raided Attack a Confederate camp in Albemarle County , Virginia .

His only opposition Hostile_encounter came from Confederate Maj. Gen. J.E.B .

The Federal troopers looted Robbery the camp and set fire Damaging to it , after capturing Conquering two Confederate soldiers .

During the raid Attack , one of the Confederate caissons exploded Destroying , and Custer became Becoming confused believing that the explosion Destroying was actually the reopening Process_start of enemy artillery fire Attack .

The Confederate troops regrouped Cause_to_amalgamate and chased Self_motion Custer out of Albemarle .

The Confederate divisions of Maj. Gens .

Confederate Maj. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes made a feeble attempt to attack Attack the Union left Departing flank at Turkey Bridge but was driven Motion back .

The Battle Hostile_encounter of Malvern Hill , also known as the Battle Hostile_encounter of Poindexter 's Farm , was fought Hostile_encounter on July 1 , 1862 , between the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia , led by Gen. Robert E. Lee , and the Union Army of the Potomac under Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan .

Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston fended Defending off McClellan 's repeated attempts to take Motion the city , slowing Hindering Union progress on the peninsula to a crawl .

In the aftermath of the battle Hostile_encounter , however , the Confederate press heralded Statement Lee as the savior of Richmond .

It was the final battle Hostile_encounter of the Seven Days Battles Hostile_encounter during the American Civil War Military_operation , taking place Process_start on a elevation of land known as Malvern Hill , near the Confederate capital of Richmond , Virginia and just one mile ( 1.6 km ) from the James River .

The Seven Days Battles Hostile_encounter were the climax of the Peninsula Campaign Military_operation , during which McClellan 's Army of the Potomac sailed Self_motion around the Confederate lines , landed Self_motion at the tip of the Virginia Peninsula , southeast of Richmond , and struck Attack inland towards the Confederate capital .

The Seven Days Battles Hostile_encounter were the climax of the Peninsula Campaign Military_operation , during which McClellan 's Army of the Potomac sailed Self_motion around the Confederate lines , landed Self_motion at the tip of the Virginia Peninsula , southeast of Richmond , and struck Attack inland towards the Confederate capital .

Confederate preparations were hindered Hindering by several mishaps .

Bad maps and faulty guides caused Causation Confederate Maj. Gen. John Magruder to be late for the battle Hostile_encounter , an excess of caution delayed Change_event_time Maj. Gen. Benjamin Huger , and Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson had problems collecting the Confederate artillery .

Bad maps and faulty guides caused Causation Confederate Maj. Gen. John Magruder to be late for the battle Hostile_encounter , an excess of caution delayed Change_event_time Maj. Gen. Benjamin Huger , and Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson had problems collecting the Confederate artillery .

The battle Hostile_encounter occurred Presence in stages : an initial exchange Exchange of artillery fire , a minor charge by Confederate Brig .

Gen. Lewis Armistead , and three successive waves of Confederate infantry charges Attack triggered Causation by unclear orders from Lee and the actions of Maj. Gens .

In the course of four hours , a series of blunders in planning and communication had caused Causation Lee 's forces to launch Process_start three failed frontal infantry assaults Attack across hundreds of yards of open ground , unsupported by Confederate artillery , charging Imposing_obligation toward firmly entrenched Union infantry and artillery defenses .

McDowell , with 35,000 men , was only able to commit Commitment about 18,000 , and the combined Cause_to_amalgamate Confederate Collaboration forces , with about 32,000 men , committed Commitment only 18,000 .

The First Battle of Bull Run ( the name Name_conferral used Using by Union forces ) , also known as the First Battle of Manassas ( the name Name_conferral used Using by Confederate forces ) , was the first major battle Hostile_encounter of the American Civil War and was a Confederate victory Earnings_and_losses .

The First Battle of Bull Run ( the name Name_conferral used Using by Union forces ) , also known as the First Battle of Manassas ( the name Name_conferral used Using by Confederate forces ) , was the first major battle Hostile_encounter of the American Civil War and was a Confederate victory Earnings_and_losses .

The Union 's forces were slow in positioning themselves , allowing Preventing_or_letting Confederate reinforcements time to arrive Arriving by rail .

It was a Confederate victory Earnings_and_losses , followed by a disorganized retreat Escaping of the Union forces .

Just months after the start Process_start of the war Hostile_encounter at Fort Sumter , the Northern public clamored Quarreling for a march Self_motion against the Confederate capital of Richmond , Virginia , which was expected to bring Bringing an early end Process_end to the Confederacy .

Gen. Irvin McDowell led his unseasoned Union Army across Bull Run against the equally inexperienced Confederate Army of Brig .

McDowell 's ambitious plan Arranging for a surprise flank attack Attack on the Confederate left Departing was poorly executed by his officers and men ; nevertheless , the Confederates , who had been planning Arranging to attack Attack the Union left Departing flank , found Know themselves at an initial disadvantage .

Confederate reinforcements Cause_change_of_strength under Brig .

It took place Process_start on July 30 , 1864 , between the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia , commanded Control by General Robert E. Lee , and the Union Army of the Potomac , commanded Control by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade ( under the direct supervision Scrutiny of the general-in-chief , Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant ) .

After weeks of preparation , on July 30 , Union forces Causation exploded Attack a mine in Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside 's IX Corps sector , blowing Attack a gap in the Confederate defenses of Petersburg , Virginia .

They faced Confronting_problem secessionists of the Confederate States in the South , who advocated Convincing for states ' rights in order to uphold Defending slavery .

Of the 34 U.S. states in February 1861 , seven Southern slave states were declared Expressing_publicly by partisans to have seceded Escaping from the country , and a Confederate States of America was organized Arranging in rebellion Change_of_leadership against the U.S. constitutional government .

The Confederacy grew Cause_to_make_progress to control Control at least a majority of territory in eleven states , and it claimed Statement the additional states of Kentucky and Missouri by assertions from native secessionists fleeing Escaping Union authority , but without territory or population therein ; these states were given Giving full representation in the Confederate Congress throughout the Civil War Military_operation .

The Confederate States was never diplomatically recognized Coming_to_believe by the government of the United States or by that of any foreign country .

Confederate generals throughout the southern states followed suit , the last surrender Surrendering on land occurring Coming_to_be June 23 .